Cause of explosion when energy storage box is transmitting electricity

For grid-scale and residential applications of ESS, explosion hazards are a significant concern due to the propensity of lithium-ion batteries to undergo thermal runaway, which causes a release of flammable gases composed of hydrogen, hydrocarbons (e. methane, ethylene, etc. ) . . Energy storage systems (ESS) are being installed in the United States and all over the world at an accelerating rate, and the majority of these installations use lithium-ion-based battery technology. It is a necessary step. . They are designed to provide stored, renewably generated energy at times of high demand. [pdf]